The SI second was made equal to the ephemeris second in 1967.
2.
Within the limits of observing accuracy, ephemeris seconds are of constant length, as are atomic seconds.
3.
In 1958, data was published linking the frequency for the caesium transition, newly established, with the ephemeris second.
4.
For use in calculating ephemerides of celestial motion, therefore, in 1952 astronomers introduced the " ephemeris second ", currently defined as
5.
Where the time variable, here represented as E, now represents time in ephemeris centuries of 36525 ephemeris days of 86400 ephemeris seconds.
6.
For practical purposes the length of the ephemeris second can be taken as equal to the length of the second of Terrestrial Time ( TT ) or its predecessor TDT.
7.
After three years of comparisons with lunar observations, Markowitz et al . ( 1958 ) determined that the ephemeris second corresponded to 9 192 631 770 ?20 cycles of the chosen cesium resonance.
8.
The ephemeris time of the 1952 standard leaves a continuing legacy, through its ephemeris second which became closely duplicated in the length of the current standard SI second ( see below : Redefinition of the second ).
9.
After three years of comparisons with lunar observations it was determined that the "'ephemeris second "'corresponded to 9, 192, 631, 770 + /-20 cycles of the caesium resonance.
10.
That value was chosen so that the caesium second equalled, to the limit of human measuring ability in 1960 when it was adopted, the existing standard ephemeris second based on the Earth's orbit around the Sun.
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