It is calibrated against buffer solutions of known hydrogen ion activity.
2.
For example, pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity.
3.
PH is defined as the decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity, " a"
4.
Firstly, the cell is filled with a solution of known hydrogen ion activity and the emf, " E"
5.
If the prevailing view on the physical meaning and measurability of single ion activities is correct then defining pH as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity places the quantity squarely in the unmeasurable category.
6.
For example, a solution with a hydrogen ion activity of 1 / ( 2 & times; 10 5 ) } } ( at that level essentially the number of moles of hydrogen ions per liter of solution ) has a pH of 5.3 } }.
7.
Precise measurement of pH is presented in International Standard ISO 31-8 as follows : A galvanic cell is set up to measure the electromotive force ( e . m . f . ) between a reference electrode and an electrode sensitive to the hydrogen ion activity when they are both immersed in the same aqueous solution.
8.
:: : " An acid ( often represented by the generic formula HA [ H + A-] ) is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity greater than in pure water, i . e . a pH less than 7.0 ."
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