1. Both these tirths receive perennial water  flow from gomukhs. 2. Differences in longitudinal pattern affect the location and function of perennial water  refuges. 3. Tamil Nadu state faces a perennial water  shortage. 4. Perennial waters  are the most important drought refuge.5. Perennial water  is only available at Clear Creek at the eastern terminus of the trail.6. Quicksands exist at some of the fords and there is perennial water  in both defiles. 7. The flood and perennial water  of the Zam is used for irrigation and drinking purpose. 8. Due to their regular need for water, they prefer areas where perennial water  sources are available. 9. The flood and perennial water  of the Zam is used for irrigation as well as for drinking purpose. 10. Soil depth varies from less than deep to deep, and there are only five perennial water  sources on the range.