11. One gram of soil from the active layer may include more than one billion bacteria cells. 12. A "'bimorph "'is a cantilever used for actuation or sensing which consists of two active layers . 13. Thus, the primary determinant of active layer thickness is the maximum temperature attained during the summer. 14. Proper choice of plasmatic metal nano-particles is crucial for the maximum light absorption in the active layer . 15. Thaw deepens the active layer , exposing old carbon that has been in storage for decades, to centuries, to millennia. 16. This is important because roots of plants cannot penetrate beyond the active layer and are restricted by its thickness. 17. In actuator applications, one active layer contracts and the other expands if voltage is applied, thus the bimorph bends. 18. Subsequent charge separation in the interface between an electron donor and acceptor blend within the device s active layer . 19. If placed along each other, bacteria from one kilogram of active layer soil will form a 1000 km long chain. 20. The active layer of the Nichia devices was formed from InGaN quantum wells or quantum dots spontaneously formed via self-assembly.
