11. Its palladium complexes exhibit high activity for Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions involving aryl chlorides and aryl tosylates. 12. Alternatively acetamide can be obtained in excellent yield via ammonolysis of acetylacetone under conditions commonly used in reductive amination . 13. Many alkyl amines are produced industrially by the amination of alcohols using ammonia in the presence of acid catalysts. 14. Through reductive amination , the sugars are directly conjugated to the protein carrier CRM 197 to form the glycoconjugate. 15. Owing to the carcinogenicity of the amine, these derivatives are mainly prepared by amination of the corresponding naphthols. 16. JohnPhos is particularly an effective ligand for the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides, bromides, and triflates. 17. When the amine is used as an electrophile, the reaction is called "'electrophilic amination " '. 18. Additional reactions include aldol reactions, Mannich reaction, Michael reaction, amination , ?-oxyamination, and ?-halogenation. 19. The reaction between amines and alkyl halogenides is hard to control, making alternative routes ( for instance reductive amination ) more attractive. 20. It was originally prepared from tetramethylthiourea via " S "-methylation and amination , but alternative methods start from cyanogen iodide.
