"' Antigenic drift "'is a mechanism for variation in viruses that involves the accumulation of mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites.
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Usually, the mutations are minor, a process called antigenic drift that results in small changes in the two major proteins on the virus'surface, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
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They targeted the virus'gene for neuraminidase because, unlike other parts of the virus, the enzyme remains stable and does not change forms in the antigenic drift process.
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Equine influenza virus ( EIV ) undergoes continuous antigenic drift, and vaccine protection from immunogenic stimulation is maximised when vaccines strains have greater homogeneity to circulating strains.
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An illustration explaining how "'antigenic shift "'in the phenotypic change, and should not be confused with antigenic drift, which is the natural mutation over time of known viral strains.
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Antigenic drift occurs in all types of influenza including influenzavirus A, influenza C . Antigenic shift, however, occurs only in influenzavirus A because it infects more than just humans.
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By constantly changing its own genetic makeup, in a process epidemiologists call " antigenic drift, " the flu virus evades human immune systems and has frustrated efforts to develop vaccines.
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Antigenic variation may be classified into two types, antigenic drift that results from a change in few amino acids and antigenic shift which is the outcome of acquiring new structural proteins.
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Antigenic drift has been responsible for heavier-than-normal flu seasons in the past, like the outbreak of influenza H3N2 variant A / Fujian / 411 / 2002 in the 2003 2004 flu season.
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While antigenic drift ( the gradual change of surface antigens ) is considered the traditional model for changes in the viral genotype, recent evidence suggests that selective sweeps play an important role as well.
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