11. The circle itself is one-dimensional and can be characterized by its arc length . 12. The arc length is kept constant by using the principle of a self-adjusting arc. 13. Also, the perimeter of the base will be the arc length of the outer cut. 14. This implies that no curve can have an arc length less than the distance between its endpoints. 15. The arc length of the circle would result from setting 1 } } and 0 } }. 16. Guo worked on spherical trigonometry, using a system of approximation to find arc lengths and angles. 17. First, the arc length approaches the length of the segment connecting radius 1 and radius 2. 18. In " n "-dimensional general curvilinear coordinates, the square of arc length is: 19. The arc length of the curve is the same regardless of the parameterization used to define the curve: 20. The arc length of a curve on the surface and the surface area can be found using integration.
