11. This iodine substituted derivative can lead to aryl halides , vinyl iodides, vinyl triflates, benzyl bromides. 12. In 1983 the scope was extended by the same authors to include vinyl halides or triflates and aryl halides . 13. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of aryl halides with potassium cyanoacetate, reported by Yeung et al. 14. Finally, an aminocarbonylation reaction reported by Stephen Buchwald allows conversion of aryl halides directly into aryl Weinreb Nahm amides. 15. A third method is by palladium catalysed reaction of aryl halides and triflates with diboronyl esters in a coupling reaction. 16. A catalytic palladium catalysed reaction was reported in 2010 using aryl halides , ( trifluoromethyl ) triethylsilane and allylpalladium chloride dimer 17. The aryl halide is activated by electron-withdrawing groups or carries a carboxylic acid group in the aromatic ortho position. 18. Reductive coupling is a coupling reaction of aryl halides with a stoichiometric equivalent of copper metal that occurs in the Ullmann reaction. 19. Thiols and thiophenols can be coupled with aryl halides under Buchwald-Hartwig-type conditions to produce the corresponding aryl thioethers. 20. For the coupling of aryl halides with aryl Grignard reagents, nickel chloride in tetrahydrofuran ( THF ) is also a good catalyst.
