11. Similarly, the austenite structure receives its name from steel alloys of a similar structure. 12. The carbon no longer fits within the FCC austenite structure, resulting in an excess of carbon. 13. Quenching involves heating the steel to create the austenite phase then quenching it in water or oil. 14. By applying strain, the austenite undergoes a phase transition to martensite without the addition of heat. 15. When the edge cools fast a diffusionless transformation occurs, turning the austenite into very hard martensite. 16. Upon cooling a hypoeutectoid steel from the austenite transformation temperature, small islands of proeutectoid-ferrite will form. 17. For instance, when steel is heated above the upper critical-temperature, small grains of austenite form. 18. When austenite is cooled extremely slow, it will form large ferrite crystals filled with spherical inclusions of cementite. 19. The magnetic shape memory effect occurs in the low temperature austenite phase where the elementary cells have cubic geometry. 20. Above this temperature the face-centred cubic form of iron, austenite ( gamma-iron ) is stable.
