However, in 2009, scientists reported a technique allowing the bacteria to grow in an axenic culture and suggested the technique may be useful for study of other pathogens.
12.
There, and during travels around the globe, he performed research on the axenic culture of nematodes, nematode parasites of insects and the fossil records of insects and nematodes in amber.
13.
However, in 2009 scientists reported a technique allowing the Q-fever pathogen " Coxiella burnetii " to grow in an axenic culture and suggested the technique may be useful for study of other pathogens.
14.
Since " E . histolytica " does not form cysts in the absence of bacteria, " E . invadens " has become used as a model for encystation studies as it will form cysts under axenic growth conditions, which simplifies analysis.
15.
Resolving a well-supported monophyly of the Zoopagomycotina has been particularly challenging for several main reasons : 1 ) most species of Zoopagomycotina are microscopic and challenging to observe, 2 ) most species of Zoopagomycotina cannot be grown separately from their host organisms in axenic culture, so obtaining pure DNA for molecular studies is challenging, and 3 ) based on ribosomal DNA sequences, species of Zoopagomycotina may have undergone accelerated evolution, so grouping may be skewed by long-branch attraction ( LBA ) and a high frequency of parallel evolutionary changes.
16.
In the field, to the eye, " Loreleia " is most similar to " Rickenella " because of the orangish colors and omphalinoid shape, but microscopically it differs by the absence of cystidia that in " Rickenella " make the latter minutely fuzzy as seen with a hand lens . " Loreleia " penetrates the rhizoids of liverworts and may form a type of symbiosis with them, but in axenic culture tests, " L . marchantiae " killed " Marchantia polymorpha " when directly inoculated in contrast to the absence of necrosis in nature " in situ ".
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