11. The most common forms of chaining are backward chaining , forward chaining, and total task presentation. 12. However, in backward chaining a common technique was to integrate the inference engine with a user interface. 13. Prolog focused primarily on backward chaining and also featured various commercial versions and optimizations for efficiency and robustness. 14. In backward chaining the system looks at possible conclusions and works backward to see if they might be true. 15. Backward chaining alone can account for the most extreme changes in benchmarks relating to Rete vs . Rete II.16. This approach is often easier to implement and maintain, and provides performance advantages over forward or backward chaining systems. 17. In Backward Chaining the system would be given a goal, e . g . answer the question is Socrates Mortal? 18. Because the data determines which rules are selected and used, this method is called goal-driven backward chaining inference. 19. One of the most powerful and well known was the 1983 Knowledge Engineering Environment ( KEE ) from forward and backward chaining . 20. Specific conclusions from a set of given facts in a knowledge base, e . g . forward chaining versus backward chaining .
