Both bacterial transformation and meiosis in eukaryotic microorganisms are induced by stressful circumstances such as overcrowding, resource depletion and DNA damaging conditions.
12.
Bacterial transformation is a complex process involving the products of numerous bacterial genes and can be regarded as a bacterial form of sex.
13.
Sexual reproduction in eukaryotes may have evolved from bacterial transformation . ( Also see Evolution of sexual reproduction # Origin of sexual reproduction .)
14.
Sexual reproduction in early single-celled eukaryotes may have evolved from bacterial transformation, or from a similar process in archaea ( see below ).
15.
Natural bacterial transformation is considered to be a primitive sexual process and occurs in both bacteria and archaea, although it has been studied mainly in bacteria.
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In prokaryotes, natural bacterial transformation involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and integration of the donor DNA into the recipient chromosome by recombination.
17.
Molecular Cloning Protocols Specific protocols for a variety of plasmid cloning techniques, such as isolation of bacterial colonies, DNA purification by gel electrophoresis and bacterial transformation.
18.
Arguments to support genetic diversity as the primary evolutionary function of sex ( including bacterial transformation ) are given by Barton and Charleworth . and by Otto and Gerstein.
19.
Unlike bacterial transformations in plants and animal cells involving clear transfer of separately identifiable nucleic acids, it was not clear how malignancy in cancer arose, although there were many competing theories.
20.
This exchange may be a primitive form of sexual interaction, similar to the more well studied bacterial transformation that is also a process for transferring DNA between cells leading to homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage.
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