This would mean that the primary motivation is not to restore a belief in a just world, but to reduce discomfort caused by empathizing.
12.
Much psychological research on the belief in a just world has focused on these negative social phenomena of victim blaming and victim derogation in different contexts.
13.
This study found that in countries where the majority of inhabitants are powerless, belief in a just world tends to be weaker than in other countries.
14.
Studies of demographic differences, including gender and racial differences, have not shown systematic differences, but do suggest racial differences, with Black and African Americans having the lowest levels of belief in a just world.
15.
According to Ervin Staub, devaluing the victim should lead to lesser compensation if restoring belief in a just world was the primary motive; instead, there is virtually no difference in compensation amounts whether the compensation precedes or follows devaluation.
16.
The hypothesis popularly appears in the English language in various figures of speech that imply guaranteed negative reprisal, such as : " social psychologists since Melvin J . Lerner conducted seminal work on the belief in a just world in the early 1960s.
17.
Lerner is most recognized for the Just-world phenomenon, published in " The Belief in a Just World : A Fundamental Delusion " ( 1980 ), and for being co-editor of the first volume devoted to the " Justice Motive " in 1981.
18.
Waller's explanation of the entrenchment of a belief in moral responsibility in the popular consciousness is partly that there are systems of interlocking beliefs connecting free will and praise and blame and belief in a just world, and that these beliefs, taken together, reinforce the validity of punishment and serve as underpinnings of the criminal justice system.
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