Though the Betz cells do not compose the entire motor output of the cortex, they nonetheless provide a clear marker for the primary motor cortex.
12.
If the primary motor cortex with its Betz cells is damaged, a temporary paralysis results and other cortical areas can evidently take over some of the lost function.
13.
About 3 % of nerve axons have a much larger diameter ( 16?m ) and arise from Betz cells, mostly in the leg area of the primary motor cortex.
14.
First, the primary motor cortex contains giant pyramidal cells called Betz cells in layer V, whereas giant pyramidal cells are less common and smaller in the premotor cortex.
15.
In 1874, Vladimir Alekseyevich described the giant pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex, which later were named " Betz cells " . < ! --
16.
The Betz cells, or giant pyramidal cells in the primary motor cortex, are sometimes mistaken to be the only or main output from the cortex to the spinal cord.
17.
Betz cells are very large cells that are very visible under a microscope, and while they account for only about 5 % of cells projecting to the spinal cord, they are often considered most crucial for communication of motor signals.
18.
Yet the Betz cells compose only about 2-3 % of the neurons that project from the cortex to the spinal cord, and only about 10 % of the neurons that project specifically from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord.
19.
The " internal pyramidal layer ( layer V ) " of the precentral pyramidal neurons " ( a . k . a . " Betz cells " ), which send long axons to the contralateral motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and to the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
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