11. The chemical equation, as catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ( PEP carboxylase ), is: 12. The ?-subunit of the glutaconate decarboxylase is homologous to propionyl-CoA carboxylase . 13. In previous studies, Dowd and his colleagues showed that vitamin K attaches itself to carboxylase . 14. Studies have shown that energy equivalents such as ATP have no significant effect on PEP carboxylase . 15. The " PC " gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called pyruvate carboxylase . 16. In humans, the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase enzyme is most highly expressed in the liver. 17. PDB structure 3rub : the ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase from tobacco. 18. During gluconeogenesis, pyruvate carboxylase is involved in the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate ( PEP ) from pyruvate. 19. Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase . 20. Glucose oxidation produces citrate which can be converted to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase .
