The dissociation of subunits VIIa and III in conjunction with the removal of cardiolipin results in total loss of enzyme activity.
12.
Phosphatidylcholine makes up about 26.5 %, cardiolipin 25.4 %, and phosphatidylinositol 4.5 %.
13.
It was subsequently deduced that PLS3 is an effector for the redistribution of cardiolipin from the inner to outer mitochondrial membrane.
14.
It has a high affinity for phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin and can be induced by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
15.
However, in most animal tissues, cardiolipin contains 18-carbon fatty alkyl chains with 2 unsaturated bonds on each of them.
16.
Thus, when PLS3 flips cardiolipin across the inner to outer membrane of the mitochondria, the oxidative phosphorylation induced is greatly disturbed.
17.
Cardiolipin is found mainly in mitochondrial membranes, and calcium ions play an important role in the respiratory processes mediated by the mitochondrion.
18.
Its genome contains no mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ), and no genes for cardiolipin, a lipid for energy-transducing membranes.
19.
ALCAT1 is upregulated by oxidative stress and diet-induced obesity, and produces a species of cardiolipin that is highly sensitive to oxidative damage.
20.
Two phospholipid molecules, one cardiolipin and one phosphatidylethanolamine, are also found in the SdhC and SdhD subunits ( not shown in the image ).
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