The species was transferred to " Vermilacinia " when described in 1995, distinguished by its cortical morphology, lack of chondroid strands in the medulla, and by its lichen metabolites, notably (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane.
12.
The distinction of the species was clarified from further study of their chemistry and morphology; " Vermilacinia " does not develop chondroid strands within the medulla, while " Niebla " does not have (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane.
13.
The genus " Vermilacinia " differs from " Niebla " in the absence of chondroid strands, by the lack of cortical ridges that define branch margins, and by producing terpenes and bourgeanic acid not found in " Niebla ".
14.
These are species that are distinguished from " Ramalina " by the presence of chondroid strands in the medulla isolated from the cortex; thus, there is a contradiction in the rationale given by the authors for not distinguishing " Vermilacinia ".
15.
Subgenus " Vermilacinia " differs from " Niebla " by the absence of chondroid strands, and by lichen substance predominantly of terpenes; subgenus " Vermilacinia " commonly has T3 , (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane, and zeorin.
16.
"Vermilacinia combeoides " was first William Nylander in 1870 as a species of " Ramalina ", which differs by the absence of the secondary metabolite (-)-16 ?-hydroxykaurane and chondroid strands in the medulla, and by having pale pycnidia, or pycnidia may be absent.
17.
Some " Ramalina " species in the Mediterranean Region have medullary chondroid stands unattached to the medulla; however, they differ from " Niebla " in having pale pycnidia instead of black pycnidia, and often contain pseudocyphellae and more than one depside or depsidone accompanied by triterpenes and / or bourgeanic acid.
18.
The compressed species have strongly palisade outer cortices overlying mechanical tissue, while the terete species have tended to lose or have depauperate formations of mechanical tissue . Richard Spjut in 1995 further recognized significant differences in their medulla ( chondroid strands vs . no chondroid strands ) and in their lichen substances ( zeorin and (-)-16-hydroxykaurane vs . their absence ).
19.
The compressed species have strongly palisade outer cortices overlying mechanical tissue, while the terete species have tended to lose or have depauperate formations of mechanical tissue . Richard Spjut in 1995 further recognized significant differences in their medulla ( chondroid strands vs . no chondroid strands ) and in their lichen substances ( zeorin and (-)-16-hydroxykaurane vs . their absence ).
20.
For many years it had been included under a very broad species concept, " Niebla homalea ", which has since been distinguished by its narrower regularly twisted branches . " Niebla cornea " has also been confused with " Vermilacinia laevigata ", which has a different terpenoid chemistry, a different type of cortex, and lacks chondroid stands in the medulla.
How to say chondroid in Hindi and what is the meaning of chondroid in Hindi? chondroid Hindi meaning, translation, pronunciation, synonyms and example sentences are provided by Hindlish.com.
