11. The unsaturated FAs penetrate the stratum corneum . 12. The overall integrity of the stratum corneum is maintained by specialized intercellular proteins called corneodesmosomes. 13. Usually the calcium level is very low in stratum corneum , but high in stratum granulosum. 14. Research confirms that nanoparticles larger than 40 nm do not penetrate the skin past the stratum corneum . 15. In fact, the stratum corneum is the barrier to approximately 90 % of transdermal drug applications. 16. This series of steps is repeated numerous times to traverse the full thickness of the stratum corneum . 17. The therapeutic effects of topical steroids can be negated by the resulting thinning of the stratum corneum . 18. It can be found in cytoplasm and mitochondria within the kidney, neurons, and stratum corneum . 19. In general, the " stratum corneum " contains 15 to 20 layers of dead cells. 20. It transports epidermoside, a glucosylceramide, out of the keratinocytes of the stratum corneum of the epidermis.
