Oocytes reach normal size and form a zona pellucida although organelles become clustered and cortical granules do not form.
12.
This sees the release of cortical granules that release enzymes which digest sperm receptor proteins, thus preventing polyspermy.
13.
An oocyte acquires the ability to complete cortical granule exocytosis by the time the oocyte has reached late maturity.
14.
Certain mannosylated proteins, for instance, are thought to contribute to the cortical granule's envelope structure.
15.
Researchers have suggested that calreticulin serves as a chaperone protein for other cortical granule components contributing to polyspermy prevention.
16.
On the other hand, different research has shown that calreticulin may be released from vesicles other than cortical granules.
17.
Furthermore, when calcium waves were suppressed experimentally, cortical granule exocytosis and / or alterations in the extracellular matrix did not occur.
18.
Furthermore, mRNA coding for tissue-type plasminogen activator is not translated until after most cortical granules have formed within the oocyte.
19.
In mammals, these actin-depolymerizing proteins serve to disassemble cortical actin thereby allowing space for cortical granule translocation toward the plasma membrane.
20.
Some associated cortical granule proteinases are the trypsin-like proteinase, ZP2 proteinase, and tissue-type plasminogen activator ( tPA ).
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