In addition to deiodination, thyroid hormones are also excreted through the kidneys and metabolized through conjugation and glucuronidation and excreted directly into the bile and the gut where they undergo enterohepatic recirculation.
12.
"In vitro ", including cell culture experiments, deiodination activity is determined by incubating cells or homogenates with high amounts of labeled thyroxine ( T 4 ) and required cosubstrates.
13.
Additionally, it is not possible to differentiate step-up reactions resulting in T3 production from the step-down reaction catalyzed by type 3 deiodination, which mediates production of reverse T3.
14.
As a measure of deiodination, the production of radioactive iodine and other physiological metabolites, in particular T 3 or reverse T 3, are determined and expressed ( e . g . as fmol / mg protein / minute ).
15.
It activates thyroid hormone by converting the prohormone thyroxine ( T 4 ) by outer ring deiodination ( ORD ) to bioactive thyroid, and may contribute significantly to the relative increase in thyroidal T 3 production in patients with Graves'disease and thyroid adenomas.
16.
It catalyzes the inactivation of thyroid hormone by inner ring deiodination of the prohormone thyroxine ( T 4 ) and the bioactive hormone 3, 3', 5'- triiodothyronine ( RT 3 ) and 3, 3'- diiodothyronine ( T 2 ), respectively.
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