Disruptive selection is inferred to oftentimes lead to sympatric speciation through a phyletic gradualism mode of evolution.
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When disruptive selection is based on intraspecific competition, it in turn promotes ecological niche diversification and polymorphisms.
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Disruptive selection can initially rapidly intensify divergence; this is because it is only manipulating alleles that already exist.
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Disruptive selection can be caused or influenced by multiple factors and also have multiple outcomes, in addition to speciation.
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The most popular, which invokes the disruptive selection model, was first put forward by John Maynard Smith in 1966.
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When intraspecific competition is not at work disruptive selection can still lead to sympatric speciation and it does this through maintaining polymorphisms.
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:: Killing off 99.9 % of the harmful bacteria, for example, increases the likelihood of superbugs via disruptive selection.
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Secondly, disruptive selection is selection for extreme trait values and often results in two different values becoming most common, with selection against the average value.
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The uncommon disruptive selection also acts during transition periods when the current mode is sub-optimal, but alters the trait in more than one direction.
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Disruptive selection is seen in high density populations rather than in low density populations because intraspecific competition is more common when accompanied by a higher density population.
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