Here he identifies two basic orientations in translating based on two different types of equivalence : Formal Equivalence ( F-E ) and Dynamic Equivalence ( D-E ).
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Formal equivalence tends to emphasize fidelity to the lexical details and grammatical structure of the original language, whereas dynamic equivalence tends to employ a more natural rendering but with less literal accuracy.
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"Dynamic equivalence " ( or " " functional " equivalence " ) conveys the essential thoughts expressed in a source text if necessary, at the expense of voice, etc.
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"' Dynamic equivalence "'and "'formal equivalence "'are two dissimilar translation techniques used to achieve differing levels of literalness between the original and target languages of a text.
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Because of controversies surrounding ICEL's use of dynamic equivalence and gender-inclusive language, by order of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who later became Pope Benedict XVI, the imprimatur was revoked in 1998 by Bishop Anthony Pilla.
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However, when the Good News Translation or the Today's English Version was published in the United States in 1966, the Philippine Bible Society commissioned another group of translators translate the Bible following the same principles of dynamic equivalence.
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Because dynamic equivalence eschews strict adherence to the grammatical structure of the original text in favor of a more natural rendering in the target language, it is sometimes used when the readability of the translation is more important than the preservation of the original grammatical structure.
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According to Eugene Nida, dynamic equivalence is the " quality of a translation in which the message of the original text has been so transported into the receptor language that the " response " of the " receptor " is essentially like that of the original receptors . " The desire is that the reader of both languages would understand the meanings of the text in a similar fashion.
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