The gleba is brown to grayish-brown, with a cotton-like texture that, when compressed, allows the endoperidium to flex quickly and create a puff of air that is forced out through the ostioles.
12.
Spores are thought to be dispersed by the wind sucking them out when it blows over the hole, or when falling raindrops hit the flexible endoperidium, creating a puff of air that forces the spores through the ostiole.
13.
Unlike some other puffball species, the peridium does not differentiate into a distinct exoperidium and endoperidium; rather, the outer layer develops the features of a pseudoparenchyma ( a tightly organised tissue where the tightly packed cells resemble plant parenchyma ) as the radial and tangential hyphae become interweaved.
14.
It distinguished from " Nidula " by the presence of a funiculus, a cord of hyphae attaching the peridiole to the endoperidium . " Cyathus " differs from genus " Crucibulum " by having a distinct three-layered wall and a more intricate funiculus.
15.
In Stanek's ( 1958 ) infrageneric concept, " G . pectinatum " is placed in section " Perimyceliata " ( encompassing species whereby the mycelial layer covers the entire endoperidium ), in subsection " Glabrostomata ", which includes species with plicate peristomes.
16.
*" Cyathus is distinguished from other bird's nest fungi genera Crucibulum by having a distinct three-layered wall, and from Nidula by the presence of a funiculus, a cord of hyphae attaching the peridiole to the endoperidium . [ 2 ] " One line paragraph-suggest expansion or merging.
17.
The related species " Geastrum fimbriatum " does not have an apical disc, and its pores are slightly smaller . " G . saccatum " may be distinguished from " G . indicum " by the absence of loose tissue forming a collar around the base of the endoperidium.
18.
The endoperidium of " B . diguettii " is also smaller, and the spores emerge through a number of pores on the upper surface of the spore sac . " Battarrea stevenii " can grow taller, up to . " Podaxis pistillaris ", commonly known as the " desert shaggy mane ", occurs in dry locales similar to " B . phalloides ", but can be distinguished by its shaggy, elongated cap.
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