An investigation has not found a single language in which alethic and epistemic modalities would be formally distinguished, for example by the means of a grammatical mood.
12.
Being a sub-type of linguistic modality, epistemic modality can in its turn be classified into a number of sub-types according to various criteria.
13.
Therefore one should distinguish between such evidential markers that only mark source of knowledge, and such evidential markers that serve other functions, such as marking epistemic modality.
14.
For example, the modal verbs in Germanic languages are used to indicate both evidentiality and epistemic modality ( and are thus ambiguous when taken out of context ).
15.
Other linguists consider evidentiality ( marking the source of information in a statement ) to be distinct from epistemic modality ( marking the degree of confidence in a statement ).
16.
Considering evidentiality as a type of epistemic modality may only be the result of analyzing non-European languages in terms of the systems of modality found in European languages.
17.
Many languages with grammatical evidentiality mark evidentiality independently from aspect or epistemic modality ( which is the speaker's evaluation of the information, i . e . whether it is reliable, uncertain, probable ).
18.
Alethic modality is often associated with epistemic modality in research, and it has been questioned whether this modality should be considered distinct from epistemic modality which denotes the speaker's evaluation or judgment of the truth.
19.
Alethic modality is often associated with epistemic modality in research, and it has been questioned whether this modality should be considered distinct from epistemic modality which denotes the speaker's evaluation or judgment of the truth.
20.
The ?% operator is translated as " x knows that & ", and the ?% operator is translated as " For all x knows, it may be true that & " In ordinary speech both metaphysical and epistemic modalities are often expressed in similar words; the following contrasts may help:
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