11. Other binding agents such as resins may be tough and possibly elastic but can neither bear filling material . 12. The hydrates in these sand-rich intervals in the North Slope region mainly occur as pore-filling material in sand reservoirs. 13. The filling materials of road paint can affect the mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and hue of the coating film. 14. In Europe, Johannes Stockerus, a municipal physician in Ulm, Germany, recommended amalgam as a filling material as early as 1528. 15. The properties of an ideal filling material can be divided into four categories : physical properties, biocompatibility, aesthetics and application. 16. 16 . Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation of BiodentineTM and Other Commonly Used Root End Filling Materials -An Invitro Study. 17. Modern bonding techniques and the increasing unpopularity of amalgam filling material have made composites more attractive for Class II restorations. 18. The standard filling material is gutta-percha, a natural polymer prepared from latex from the percha ( Palaquium gutta ) tree. 19. This could indeed be partially the dentist's fault, if he selects a filling material that is inappropriate to the situation. 20. Filling material has undergone several formulations over the years ( N2, N2 Universal, RC-2B, RC-2B White ), but all contain paraformaldehyde.