11. Consider the signal-flow graph shown. 12. Many of those knowledgeable in compilers and graph theory have advocated allowing only reducible flow graphs . 13. There are various notions of a flow function that can be defined in a flow graph . 14. All these constraints are represented in the SFG ( Signal Flow Graph ) below the circuit. 15. In the first of these, Samuel Jefferson Mason in 1953 introduced signal-flow graphs . 16. The signal flow graph ( SFG ) for a digital infinite impulse response bi-quad filter. 17. The signal-flow graph for these equations are shown in the second figure to the right. 18. The data flow graph of a computation can be manipulated to calculate the gradient of its original calculation. 19. In nearly all literature, a signal-flow graph is associated with a set of linear equations. 20. The figure to the right depicts various elements and constructs of a signal flow graph ( SFG ).