Outside of the seasonal variations, the geothermal gradient of temperatures through the crust is 25 30 �C ( 77 86 �F ) per kilometer of depth in most of the world.
12.
If water-saturated zones still exist in sediments under the volcano, they would likely have been kept warm by a high geothermal gradient and residual heat from the volcano's magma chamber.
13.
Studies have shown that present day thermal measurements of heat flow and geothermal gradients closely correspond to a regime s tectonic origin and development as well as the lithospheric mechanics ( Allen & Allen 2005 ).
14.
In the deeper mines refrigeration of the intake air is often necessary to keep conditions tolerable and this is now becoming necessary on some platinum mines which, although shallower, have a higher geothermal gradient.
15.
The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.
16.
Away from tectonic plate boundaries the geothermal gradient is 25 30 �C per kilometre ( km ) of depth in most of the world, and wells would have to be several kilometres deep to permit electricity generation.
17.
In polar regions, due to low temperatures, the upper limit of the hydrate stability zone occurs at a depth of approximately 150 meters . 1 The maximum depth of the hydrate stability zone is limited by the geothermal gradient.
18.
Thus in order for blueschist facies assemblages to be seen at the Earth's surface, the rock must be exhumed swiftly enough to prevent total thermal equilibration of the rocks which are under blueschist facies conditions with the typical geothermal gradient.
19.
Thus, the geothermal gradient within the bulk of Earth's mantle is of the order of 0.5 kelvin per kilometer, and is determined by the adiabatic gradient associated with mantle material ( peridotite in the upper mantle ).
20.
Generally, the maximum depth of HSZ extension is 2000 meters below the earth s surface . 1, 3 Using the location of a BSR as well as the pressure-temperature regimen necessary for hydrate stability, the HSZ may be used to determine geothermal gradients . 2
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