The transverse humeral ligament, which passes from the lesser tubercle to the greater tubercle of humerus, covers the intertubercular groove, in which the long head of biceps brachii travels.
12.
The lateral head arises from the dorsal surface of the humerus, lateral and proximal to the groove of the radial nerve, from the greater tubercle down to the region of the lateral intermuscular septum.
13.
It arises from the lateral border of the coracoid process, and passes obliquely downwards and laterally to the front of the greater tubercle of the humerus, blending with the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle.
14.
It is best marked in the lower half of its circumference; in the upper half it is represented by a narrow groove separating the head of the humerus from the two tubercles, the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle.
15.
During the first year, sometimes before birth, ossification commences in the head of the bone, and during the second year the center for the greater tubercle, and during the fifth that for the lesser tubercle, make their appearance.
16.
Its fibers run obliquely upwards and laterally; the upper ones end in a tendon which is inserted into the lowest of the three impressions on the greater tubercle of the humerus; the lowest fibers are inserted directly into the humerus immediately below this impression.
17.
The distal attachments of the three rotator cuff muscles that insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus can be abbreviated as SIT when viewed from superior to inferior ( for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor ), or SITS when the subscapularis muscle, which attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus, is included.
18.
Insertions are even more variable, Hirtler ( 2014 ) cites reported cases occurring at the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle, the pectoralis major muscle, the fascia of the coracobrachialis muscle, the fascia covering the biceps brachii muscle, the long head of the biceps brachii muscle, the coracoid process, the pectoralis minor muscle, the axillary fascia and to the bone at the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus inserting distal to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle.
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