Harzburgite may also form by the accumulation of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene in large magma chambers of basalt deep in continental crust ( layered intrusions ).
12.
Primary or orthomagmatic chromites are sporadically distributed in the ultramafics although major economic deposits are generally concentrated in the transition zone between residual harzburgite and cumulate dunite unit.
13.
If partial melting of the harzburgite continues, all of the pyroxene may be extracted from it to form magma, leaving behind the pyroxene-poor peridotite called dunite.
14.
The mantle parts of the lithosphere are made of harzburgite and dunite ( both peridotites ), with about 50 to 80 % of the minerals now transformed into serpentinite.
15.
Examples of orogenic lherzolite massifs with harzburgite include the Lherz Massif in France ( Pyrenees Mountains ), the Lanzo Massif in northern Italy, and the Horoman Massif in Japan.
16.
In all cases these rocks are pyrometamorphic ( that is, metamorphosed in the presence of molten rock ) and represent either fertile mantle ( lherzolite ) or partially depleted mantle ( harzburgite, dunite ).
17.
Rock fragments ( xenoliths ) carried up from the mantle by magmas containing peridotite have been delivered to the surface as Harzburgite peridotites represent the crystalline residues after extraction of melts of compositions like basalt and komatiite.
18.
The classic example of a Proterozoic layered intrusion with cumulate harzburgite is the Stillwater igneous complex of Montana, U . S . A . It is also found in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, a large layered intrusion in South Africa.
19.
Lithologies vary from largely ultramafic peridotite, chromitite, harzburgite, and bronzitite in the lower sections to mafic norite, anorthosite, and gabbro toward the top, and the mafic Rustenburg Layered Suite is followed by a felsic phase ( the Lebowa Granite Suite ).
20.
Lherzolite is known from the lower ultramafic part of ophiolite complexes ( although harzburgite is more common in this setting ), from alpine-type peridotite massifs, from fracture zones adjacent to mid-oceanic ridges, and as xenoliths in kimberlite pipes and alkali basalts.
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