Subfamilies Homininae and Ponginae are both basal within Hominidae, but given that there are no nonbasal subfamilies in the cladogram it is unlikely the term would be applied to either.
12.
The evolutionary importance of " Nakalipithecus " is twofold : first, together with " Ouranopithecus " it provides evidence that the Homininae lineages of today diverged no earlier than some 8 million years ago.
13.
The Homininae cladogram has three main branches, which lead to gorillas ( through the tribe Gorillini ), and to humans and chimpanzees via the tribe Hominini and subtribes Hominina and Panina ( see the evolutionary tree below ).
14.
The competing view-that modern-type Great Apes went extinct in Africa and that the Homininae were originally an Asian lineage which only later recolonized Africa-is hard to reconcile with the early Late Miocene presence of a basal hominine in Africa.
15.
There has been a gradual increase in brain volume as humans progressed along the timeline of evolution ( see Homininae ), starting from about 600 cm 3 in " Homo habilis " up to 1500 cm 3 in " Homo neanderthalensis ".
16.
Within the taxon Hominidae, a number of extant and known extinct, that is, fossil, genera are grouped with the humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas in the subfamily Homininae; others with orangutans in the subfamily Ponginae ( see classification graphic below ).
17.
It can therefore be considered a basal member of the Homininae, before they split up into the three lineages alive today . " Nakalipithecus " also resembles the genus " Ouranopithecus ", another prehistoric hominid species found in present-day Greece.
18.
""'Sahelanthropus tchadensis " "'is an extinct homininae species ( and is probably the ancestor to " Orrorin " ) that is dated to about, during the Miocene epoch, possibly very close to the time of the chimpanzee human divergence.
19.
Amphibians first appeared around 364 million years ago, followed by early amniotes and birds around 155 million years ago ( both from " reptile "-like lineages ), mammals around 129 million years ago, homininae around 10 million years ago and modern humans around 250, 000 years ago.
20.
The subfamily Homininae can be further subdivided into three branches : the tribe Gorillini ( gorillas ), and the tribe Hominini with subtribes basal member of this clade, as is, perhaps, its contemporary " Ouranopithecus "; that is, they are not assignable to any of the three extant branches.
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