11. Thus, the primary determinant of active layer thickness is the maximum temperature attained during the summer. 12. Newton s Law of Cooling are combined with the flux term derived above and the boundary layer thickness . 13. The critical design requirements are : a very high back mirror reflectivity and a moderate absorption layer thickness . 14. The dielectric layer thickness generated by the forming voltage is directly proportional to the voltage proof of electrolytic capacitors. 15. Attenuation of XPS signals from deeper layers by overlayers is often used in XPS to estimate layer thicknesses and depths. 16. The layer thicknesses were tightly controlled so that at the desired wavelength, reflected photons from each layer interfered constructively. 17. These oscillations can be used to infer layer thicknesses and other properties, for example using the Abeles matrix formalism. 18. A model analysis in then conducted in which this information is used to determine film layer thicknesses and refractive indices. 19. The better characteristic dimension would have been the boundary layer thickness , but fortunately the two dimensions were almost the same. 20. He found that for Prandtl number greater than 0.6, the thermal boundary layer thickness was approximately given by:
