11. The encoded protein interacts with CNOT1 and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. 12. These genes belong to the TTL ( tubulin tyrosine ligase ) family. 13. The single-strand viral DNA ends are ligated by host DNA ligase . 14. The insert and the destination vector are then mixed together with DNA ligase . 15. Finally, the processed coding ends are ligated together by DNA ligase IV. 16. DNA ligase would most likely have to be incorporated into such a machine. 17. The family of proteins is known to possess ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. 18. Then, Ku70 is ubiquitinated by c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase . 19. The resultant gap is then filled in using DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase . 20. Mdm2 also acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase , is capable of polyubiquitinating p53.