The proposal 14B-194 states : " This single target is of enormous interest to scientific communities studying both local starburst astrophysics, and high-z galaxies and reionization, as one of the very few nearby objects that shows significant emission of ionizing Lyman continuum radiation ."
12.
The abstract states : " Following our first detection reported in Izotov et al . ( 2016 ) [ as above ], we present the detection of Lyman continuum ( LyC ) radiation of four other compact star-forming galaxies observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph ( COS ) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ).
13.
The authors analyzed the optical spectra of the GPs and concluded " While the ALFALFA survey demonstrates the role of external processes in triggering starbursts, the Green Peas show that starbursts'radiation can escape to affect their external environment ", finding " that the Peas are likely optically thin to Lyman continuum ( LyC ) radiation ."
14.
Helium ionization is important because it is a critical part of the formation of the corona : when solar material is cool enough that the helium within it is only partially ionized ( i . e . retains one of its two electrons ), the material cools by radiation very effectively via both black body radiation and direct coupling to the helium Lyman continuum.
15.
In January 2016, a letter was published in the journal Nature called : " Eight per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons from a compact, star-forming dwarf galaxy " by authors : Y . I . Izotov, I . Orlitov? D . Schaerer, T . X . Thuan, A . Verhamme, N . G . Guseva & G . Worseck.
16.
The proposal's abstract, titled " Green Peas and diagnostics for Lyman continuum leaking in star-forming dwarf galaxies " states : " Our unique GP sample will allow us to combine for the first time four fundamental tests for Lyman continuum photons ( LyC ) leaking in galaxies and validate their usefulness as LyC leaking indicators : 1 ) direct measurements of the LyC; 2 ) high [ OIII ] / [ OII ] ratios; 3 ) characteristics of the Lyman alpha line profile and 4 ) residual intensities in the low-ionization ISM absorption UV lines ".
17.
The proposal's abstract, titled " Green Peas and diagnostics for Lyman continuum leaking in star-forming dwarf galaxies " states : " Our unique GP sample will allow us to combine for the first time four fundamental tests for Lyman continuum photons ( LyC ) leaking in galaxies and validate their usefulness as LyC leaking indicators : 1 ) direct measurements of the LyC; 2 ) high [ OIII ] / [ OII ] ratios; 3 ) characteristics of the Lyman alpha line profile and 4 ) residual intensities in the low-ionization ISM absorption UV lines ".
18.
This workshop focused on : " Current and future efforts to constrain the LyC escape fraction of galaxies at both low and high redshift, and the impact that this is likely to have on our understanding of cosmic reionization . " Among the lecture abstracts is one titled : " The escape of ionizing radidation from local starburst galaxies : revised Lyman continuum escape fractions for Tololo 1247-232 and Haro 11 . " by C . U . Fremling ( U Stockholm ), E . Zackrisson, ( U Stockholm ), A . Inoue, ( Osaka Sangyo U ).
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