A major breakthrough came 2002 when a group at the University of Amsterdam demonstrated the giant magnetocaloric effect in MnFe ( P, As ) alloys that are based on abundant materials.
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Pure Gd itself exhibits a large magnetocaloric effect near its Curie temperature of 20 �C, and this has sparked great interest into producing Gd alloys with a larger effect and tunable Curie temperature.
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Physical Property Measurement System ( PPMS ) enables the measurement of phenomena such as the magnetocaloric effect, magnetostriction and magnetoresistance over a wide range of temperatures at magnetic fields of up to 7 T.
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The development of this technology is very material-dependent and will likely not replace vapor-compression refrigeration without significantly improved materials that are cheap, abundant, and exhibit much larger magnetocaloric effects over a larger range of temperatures.
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The magnetocaloric effect ( MCE, from " magnet " and " calorie " ) is a magneto-thermodynamic phenomenon in which a temperature change of a suitable material is caused by exposing the material to a changing magnetic field.
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Refrigerators based on the magnetocaloric effect have been demonstrated in laboratories, using magnetic fields starting at 0.6 T up to 10 T . Magnetic fields above 2 T are difficult to produce with permanent magnets and are produced by a superconducting magnet ( 1 T is about 20, 000 times the Earth's magnetic field ).
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