In gymnosperms the megagametophyte consists of several thousand cells and produces one to several archegonia, each with a single egg cell.
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In angiosperms, the megagametophyte is reduced to only a few nuclei and cells, and is sometimes called the embryo sac.
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The megagametophyte develops within the megaspore of extant seedless vascular plants and within the megasporangium in a cone or flower in seed plants.
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Megagametophytes and microgametophytes protruding through sporangium wall; megagametophytes floating on water surface with archegonia directed downward; microgametophytes remaining fixed to sporangium wall.
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Megagametophytes and microgametophytes protruding through sporangium wall; megagametophytes floating on water surface with archegonia directed downward; microgametophytes remaining fixed to sporangium wall.
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This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte ( megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac ) with two male gametes ( sperm ).
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After pollination, a tube grows from the pollen through the stigma into the ovary to the ovule and two sperm are transferred from the pollen to the megagametophyte.
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Embryo and megagametophyte are soft and translucent at first; later the endosperm becomes firm and milky white, while the embryo becomes cream-colored or light yellow.
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This double fertilization is unique to flowering plants, although in some other groups the second sperm cell does fuse with another cell in the megagametophyte to produce a second embryo.
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The microgametophyte a pollen grain which has germinated from a microspore is employed for dispersal, only releasing its desiccation-prone sperm when it reaches a receptive megagametophyte.
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