This provides the connexion between the groups and the names of their taxa seen in the pre-Huxley system . ( This particular variant can go even further, using Monotremata-Ditremata, rather than Prototheria-Theria ).
12.
"' Trituberculata "'is an extinct group of animals existing in the fossil record from about 215 85 MYA . It contains the ancestors of Placentalia and Marsupialia; all modern mammals except Monotremata are descended from trituberculates.
13.
To these may be added the occasional existence of two small " episternal " centers, which make their appearance one on either side of the jugular notch; they are probably vestiges of the episternal bone of the monotremata and lizards.
14.
In 1881 Fletcher decided to return to Australia, and, before leaving England, prepared a " Catalogue of Papers and Works relating to the Mammalian orders, Marsupialla and Monotremata ", which was published in Sydney soon after his arrival.
15.
Each of the three may be defined as a total clade containing a living crown-group ( respectively the Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia ) plus any fossil species which are more closely related to that crown-group than to any other living animals.
16.
In theory, the Prototheria is taxonomically redundant, since Monotremata is currently the only order which can still be confidently included, but its retention might be justified if new fossil evidence, or a re-examination of known fossils, enables extinct relatives of the monotremes to be identified and placed within a wider grouping.
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