This is a more generalized definition than the one for " nomen protectum ", which is specifically a conserved name that is either a junior homonym that is in use because the senior synonym or homonym has been made a " nomen oblitum " ( " forgotten name " ).
12.
Merely the fact that the name had not been used in subsequent literature meant that it could be removed from competition for priority, because the ICZN states that if a name has never been considered valid after 1899, it can be made a " nomen oblitum ", an invalid " forgotten name ".
13.
Therefore, he selected a single posterior cervical centrum, CAMSM J . 29564, as the neotype of " P . brachyspondylus ", while " P . giganteus " became a " nomen oblitum ", forgotten name, as " P . brachyspondylus " had traditionally been given priority over it.
14.
After 1 January 2000, a scientific name may be formally declared to be a " nomen oblitum " when it has been shown not to have been used as a valid name within the scientific community since 1899, and when it is either a senior homonym ( it is spelled the same as another name, which is in common use ), and when the preferred junior synonym or homonym has been shown to be in wide use in 50 or more publications in the past few decades.
15.
A similar situation arose with " Tyrannosaurus rex " and " Manospondylus gigas ", in which the former became a " nomen protectum " and the latter a " nomen oblitum " due to revisions in the ICZN rules that took place on December 31, 1999 . In addition, Xu's name for the type specimen ( " Microraptor " ) was subsequently used more frequently than the original name; as such, this and the chimeric nature of the specimen would render the name " Archaeoraptor " a " nomen vanum " ( as it was improperly described ) and the junior synonym " Microraptor " a " nomen protectum " ( as it's been used in more published works than " Archaeoraptor " and was properly described ).
16.
However, the Fourth Edition of the ICZN, which took effect on January 1, 2000, states that " the prevailing usage must be maintained " when " the senior synonym or homonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899 " and " the junior synonym or homonym has been used for a particular taxon, as its presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years . . . " " Tyrannosaurus rex " may qualify as the valid name under these conditions and would most likely be considered a " nomen protectum " ( " protected name " ) under the ICZN if it is ever formally published on, which it has not yet been . " Manospondylus gigas " could then be deemed a " nomen oblitum " ( " forgotten name " ).
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