11. At least 25 nuclear isomers have been described, ranging in atomic mass from 84 to 104. 12. Nagchaudhuri's research focused on nuclear isomers , induced radioactivity, Cherenkov radiation and nonthermal plasma. 13. At least 32 nuclear isomers have also been characterized, ranging in atomic mass from 170 to 200. 14. Europium-152 and 154 can be present, as well as two nuclear isomers of rhodium-102. 15. Such relatively long-lived excited nuclei are termed nuclear isomers , and their decays are termed isomeric transitions. 16. Only one nuclear isomer ( long-lived excited nuclear state ), fluorine-18m, has been characterized. 17. Background : Sharon Weinberger is a journalist who wrote a book on the topic of nuclear isomer weapons in 2006. 18. Tantalum-180m is a " metastable isotope " meaning that it is an excited nuclear isomer of tantalum-180. 19. Another reasonably stable nuclear isomer ( with a half-life of 31 years ) is gamma-ray stimulated emission. 20. They excited fluorescence from the nuclear isomer tantalum-180m with x-rays produced by an external beam radiotherapy linac.
