11. It is used to activate ketones and aldehydes toward nucleophilic addition by formation of enamines: 12. It is usually faster than nucleophilic addition and can sometimes exceed the rate of proton transfer. 13. Similarly, the F�rst-Plattner rule applies to nucleophilic additions to imines and halonium ions. 14. In 1978, Mingos, Stephen G . Davies and nucleophilic additions will occur on pi ligands. 15. Selectivity in nucleophilic additions to chiral aldehydes is often explained by the Felkin-Anh model ( see figure ). 16. In one application t-Bu-P4 is employed in a nucleophilic addition converting the pivaldehyde to the alcohol: 17. On the other hand, some nucleophilic addition reactions involving addition to a carbonyl group in general show the opposite trend. 18. A look at the whole reaction path indicates that the rate-determining step in this process is the nucleophilic addition . 19. Top to bottom : electrophilic addition to alkene, nucleophilic addition of nucleophile to carbonyl and free radical addition of halide to alkene 20. And organostannane additions ( nucleophilic addition of an allyl-, allenyl-, or propargylstannanes to an aldehydes and imines ).
