Usually the osmotic gradient is used while comparing solutions that have a semipermeable membrane between them allowing water to diffuse between the two solutions, toward the hypertonic solution ( the solution with the higher concentration ).
12.
This allows for a countercurrent exchange system whereby the medulla becomes increasingly concentrated, but at the same time setting up an osmotic gradient for water to follow should the aquaporins of the collecting duct be opened by ADH.
13.
It is these nephrons which are responsible for the development of the osmotic gradients in the renal medulla, which are used to concentrate urine . These nephrons have a longer loop of henle than cortical type of nephrons.
14.
It is localized to the mucosa of the lower intestinal tract, particularly to the apical membrane of columnar epithelium and some goblet cells, and is instrumental in chloride reuptake, aiding in the creation of an osmotic gradient for resorption of fluid from the lumen of the intestine.
15.
After 4-6 h of the dwell, the glucose osmotic gradient usually becomes too low to allow for further osmotic UF . Therefore, the dialysate will now be reabsorbed from the peritoneal cavity to the capillaries by means of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which exceeds the colloid osmotic pressure in the peritoneum by approximately 18-20 mmHg ( cf . the Starling mechanism ).
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