11. But an insuperable problem birds face is the oxygen demands of their high metabolism. 12. Due to their high metabolic rate required for flight, birds have a high oxygen demand . 13. The theoretical oxygen demand represents the worse case scenario. 14. This practice usually results in increased effluent toxicity and oxygen demand on the receiving waters. 15. They are effective in reducing BOD ( biological oxygen demand ) of influent untreated water. 16. Antianginal effects result from negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, which decrease cardiac workload and oxygen demand . 17. These caused better washing, reduced biological oxygen demand ( BOD ) in effluent and reduced deposits. 18. At a cellular level, shock is the process of oxygen demand becoming greater than oxygen supply. 19. The laboratory test procedures for the determining the above oxygen demands are detailed in many standard texts. 20. Biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen required for microbial metabolism of organic compounds in water.