11. One such configuration is called a Penning trap , after the inventor F . M . Penning. 12. "' SMILETRAP "'is a Penning trap mass spectrometer located in Stockholm, Sweden. 13. Penning traps can be used in quantum computation and quantum information processing and are used at CERN to store antimatter.14. The ions are created in the ion source transported and later captured in the magnetic field inside the Penning trap . 15. Buffer gas cooling, resistive cooling, and laser cooling are techniques to remove energy from ions in a Penning trap . 16. This process dominates the cooling of electrons in Penning traps , but is very small and usually negligible for heavier particles. 17. Without positrons electrons, the nuclei are negatively charged, allowing them to be captured and contained indefinitely within a Penning trap . 18. Many of the highest-precision mass measurements ( masses of the electron, proton, 2 Si ) come from Penning traps . 19. Penning traps form the basis of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for determining the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.20. We can place the ion of interest in the magnetic field of the Penning trap and count how many revolutions per second it executes.
