Since these processes, which achieve the same result, are of different categories, it is not possible to call the formation of the perfect participle in English a suffix, so it must be assumed that it exists as an abstract category on the morphomic level.
12.
Rather, the auxiliary verb " har " ( " have " ), " hade " ( " had " ) is followed by a special form, called supine, used solely for this purpose ( although often identical to the neuter form of the perfect participle ):
13.
The term was coined in English law to signify the immediate transfer ( Law French " demise ", " sending down [ the line of succession ] ", from Latin " demiss "-[ gender ending ], the perfect participle of " demittere ", having the same meaning ), of sovereignty and royal prerogatives to the late king or queen's successor without interregnum.
14.
A number of verbs have fewer than four principal parts : deponent verbs, such as " hortOr hortri horttus sum ", " to exhort ", lack a perfect form, as do semi-deponent verbs, such as " audeM audre ausus sum ", " to dare "; in both cases, passive forms are treated as active, so all perfect forms are covered by the perfect participle.
15.
One example is the different ways the perfect participle can be realised in English sometimes, this form is created through suffixation, as in " gotten " and " left ", sometimes through a process of ablaut, as in " sung ", and sometimes through a combination of these, such as " broken ", which uses ablaut as well as the suffix "-n ".
16.
The " s "-passive of the perfect participle is regular in Swedish both in the real passive and in other functions, e . g . " v�rt f�retag har funnits sedan 1955 " " our company has existed since 1955 ", " bilen har setts ute p?Stockholms gator " " the car has been seen in the streets of S . " In Danish, the real passive has only periphrastic forms in the perfect : " bilen er blevet set ude p?Stockholms gader ".
17.
Also, Dutch places perfect participles towards the end of a clause while the auxiliary remains at the verb-second position, allowing for the two to be separated and for many other elements to stand in between; e . g . " Ik "'heb "'dat gisteren [ meteen na de lunch toen ik aankwam etc . ] "'gedaan " "'; literally " I "'have "'that yesterday [ immediately after the lunch when I arrived etc . ] "'done "'".
18.
:To add to what I already stated at the other desk where I suggested it is a subjunctive : I don't think this can be an indicative ( and thus a contraction of an indicative; beside how can you ever expect a form such as ?0 ?? to contract to ? ? this would be phonetically absurd ) because if this is middle perfect of the verb ???????? ( attic : ?????????? f ) then the middle perfect indicative has its own independent form, not a ( periphrastic ? is that the word ? ) combination of the middle perfect participle and the verb ?0 ?? ( unless of course in some dialects that is the case ).
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