It typically begins with blood accumulating in the pericardial sac posterior to the heart, and eventually expands to surround the entire heart.
12.
The rising central venous pressure is evidenced by diastolic filling of the right ventricle, due to pressure from the adjacent expanding pericardial sac.
13.
When discovered, hemopericardium is usually treated by pericardiocentesis, a procedure wherein a needle is used to remove the fluid from the pericardial sac.
14.
An excess of fluid in the cavity ( such as in a pericardial effusion ) can result in cardiac tamponade ( compression of the heart within the pericardial sac ).
15.
Hemopericardium has been reported to result from various afflictions including chest trauma, free wall rupture after a myocardial infarction, bleeding into the pericardial sac following a type A aortic dissection, and as a complication of invasive cardiac procedures.
16.
This procedure typically utilizes an 8-cm, 18-gauge needle that is inserted between the xiphoid process and the left costal margin until it enters the pericardial sac, when it can then be used to drain the fluid from the sac.
17.
Because of the sharpness and thinness of the file the wound was very narrow and, due to pressure from Elisabeth's extremely tight corseting, the hemorrhage of blood into the pericardial sac around the heart was slowed to mere drops.
18.
At that meeting, Liotta described the implantation of three types of orthotopic ( inside the pericardial sac ) TAHs in dogs, each of which used a different source of external energy : an implantable electric motor, an implantable rotating pump with an external electric motor, and a pneumatic pump.
19.
The prosector uses the tool to saw through the ribs on the lateral sides of the chest cavity to allow the sternum and attached ribs to be lifted as one chest plate; this is done so that the heart and lungs can be seen in situ and that the heart, in particular the pericardial sac is not damaged or disturbed from opening.
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