However, NAPE-PLD had no ability to produce detectable phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine as is catalyzed by other phospholipase D enzymes.
12.
Rather, they demonstrated that this fatty acid is introduced to a large extent through the " de novo " synthesis of phosphatidic acid.
13.
It also lacks the transphosphatidylation activity of phospholipase D that allows the creation of phosphatidyl alcohols rather than phosphatidic acid in the presence of ethanol or butanol.
14.
PKC-? shows important regulation of phospholipase D . Phospholipase D is located on the plasma membrane and is responsible for hydrolyzing phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid and choline.
15.
Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position.
16.
LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols.
17.
First an " N "-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D ( NAPE-PLD ) into phosphatidic acid and OEA . The biosynthesis of OEA and other bioactive lipid amides is modulated by bile acids.
18.
In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra-and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of or, themselves, membrane-derived second messengers.
19.
For example, a proposed biosynthetic pathway for the N-acyl ethanolamines ( NAEs ) has been the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine ( NAPE ), by a phospholipase D activity to liberate NAE and, as a byproduct, phosphatidic acid.
20.
In " S . cerevisiae " mitochondria, phosphatidylcholine makes up 38.4 % of the IMM, phosphatidylethanolamine makes up 24.0 %, phosphatidylinositol 16.2 %, cardiolipin 16.1 %, phosphatidylserine 3.8 %, and phosphatidic acid 1.5 %.
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