However, all living primates have lost at least the first premolar . " Hence most of the prosimians and platyrrhines have three premolars.
12.
This has led many scientists to hypothesize that the primitive platyrrhine ancestors of " Branisella " came to South America from Africa.
13.
Like the platyrrhines, the catarrhines are generally diurnal, and have grasping hands and ( with the exception of bipedal humans ) grasping feet.
14.
Within platyrrhines, this taxon has been interpreted as either a stem platyrrhine not related to any of the living forms, or as a primitive callitrichine.
15.
Within platyrrhines, this taxon has been interpreted as either a stem platyrrhine not related to any of the living forms, or as a primitive callitrichine.
16.
This species had an auditory region which is similar to that found in platyrrhines, having no bony tube and the tympanic fused to the lateral surface of the bulla.
17.
This anatomical feature represents an intermediate stage between what is found in platyrrhines, which do not have an ossified ectotympanic tube, and catarrhines, which have a completely ossified ectoympanic tube.
18.
The same speceimen preserved a cross section of the ectotypanic ring, showing it to be an annular structure which was fused to the margin of the bulla similar in structure to modern platyrrhines.
19.
Platyrrhines also differ from Old World monkeys in that they have twelve premolars instead of eight; having a dental formula of or ( consisting of 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, and 2 or 3 molars ).
20.
Molecular studies of concatenated nuclear sequences have yielded a widely varying estimated date of divergence between platyrrhines and catarrhines, ranging from 33 to 70 mya, while studies based on mitochondrial sequences produce a narrower range of 35 to 43 mya.
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