An increase in the political participation of members of less educated classes, for example, could reduce the support for the basic norms of polyarchy, because members of those classes are more pre-disposed to be authoritarian-minded.
12.
Together with his friend, colleague and fellow Yale professor Robert A . Dahl, Lindblom was a champion of the Polyarchy ( or " Pluralistic " ) view of political elites and governance in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
13.
In Western European political science, the term "'polyarchy "'( " many ", " arkhe " " rule " ) was used by Robert Dahl to describe a form of government in which power is invested in multiple people.
14.
He was a faculty member in the departments of Political Science and Joshua Cohen and others he developed the theory of directly "'deliberative polyarchy "'or "'democratic experimentalism "', which is related to the concept of deliberative democracy.
15.
Saint Thomas Aquinas unapologetically declares : " Tyranny is wont to occur not less but more frequently on the basis of polyarchy [ rule by many, i . e . oligarchy or democracy ] than on the basis of monarchy . " ( " On Kingship " ).
16.
Due to his criticism of democratic capitalism and polyarchy, and also for his seeming praise for the political-economy of Tito's Yugoslavia, Lindblom was ( perhaps predictably ) labeled a " Closet Communist " and a " Creeping Socialist " by conservative critics in the west.
17.
Originally, Dahl, too, disagreed with many of Lindblom's observations and conclusions; but in a recent work " How Democratic Is the American Constitution ? " he also has become critical of polyarchy in general and its U . S . form in particular.
18.
The main dimensions of his work include interalia : information highway, media and multiculturalism, the polyarchy of new media technologies, cultural identity, cultural formations in the era of information society, colonization of the Lifeworld, state / democracy and media representations, media policy, the iconcentrism of political communication / marketing, media policy, media accountability, broadcasting and citizens, the nature of social transformation or / and alteration.
19.
Instead, we must specify precisely the structural features of an alternative : " But if we want to do more than simply denounce the evils of capitalism, we must confront the claim that'there is no alternative' by proposing one . " Schweickart argued that both full employment and guaranteed basic income are impossible under the restrictions of the U . S . economic system for two primary reasons : a ) unemployment is an essential feature of capitalism, not an indication of systemic failure; and b ) while capitalism thrives under polyarchy, it is not compatible with genuine democracy.
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