11. For two-dimensional potential flow , streamlines are perpendicular to equipotential lines. 12. Because the flow is irrotational, the wave motion can be described using potential flow theory. 13. The angle of attack is 8? and the flow is a potential flow . ]] 14. Applications of potential flow are for instance : the outer flow field for groundwater flow. 15. Initially the flow resembles potential flow , after which the flow separates near the rear stagnation point. 16. The potential flow approach occurs in the modeling of both stationary as well as nonstationary flows. 17. The airfoil is modelled as a flat plate in a potential flow , moving with constant horizontal velocity. 18. For flows ( or parts thereof ) with strong vorticity effects, the potential flow approximation is not applicable. 19. For heterogeneous aquifers with no recharge, Potential flow methods may be applied for mixed confined / unconfined cases. 20. Such flows are called potential flows , because the velocity field may be expressed as the gradient of a potential.
