The synaptonemal complex ( SC ) was described by Montrose J . Moses in 1956 in primary spermatocytes of crayfish and by D . Fawcett in spermatocytes of pigeon, cat and man.
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The primary spermatocyte divides meiotically ( Meiosis I ) into two secondary spermatocytes; each secondary spermatocyte divides into two spermatids by Meiosis II . These develop into mature spermatozoa, also known as sperm cells.
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This is in contrast to male primordial germ cells which are arrested in the spermatogonial stage at birth and do not enter into spermatogenesis and meiosis to produce primary spermatocytes until puberty in the adult male.
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In addition, GJA1 can be found in the Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules between Sertoli cells and spermatogonia or primary spermatocytes, where it plays a key role in spermatogenesis and testis development through controlling the tight junction proteins in the blood-testis barrier.
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Somatic cells, or normal diploid cells of the body, go through mitosis in order to reproduce themselves through cell division, whereas diploid germ cells ( i . e ., primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes ) go through meiosis in order to create haploid gametes ( i . e ., sperm and ova ) for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
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