This characteristic of the vector mesons is not at all evident in the pseudoscalar meson or scalar meson multiplets, and may be only slightly realized among the tensor meson and pseudovector meson multiplets.
12.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the pseudoscalar mesons began to proliferate, and were eventually organized into a multiplet according to Murray Gell-Mann's so-called " Eightfold Way ".
13.
Since the late 1950s, the lightest scalar mesons were often interpreted within the framework of the linear sigma model, and many theorists still choose this interpretation of the scalar mesons as the chiral partners of the pseudoscalar meson multiplet.
14.
When N f = 2, i . e ., only the strange quark is also treated as massless, i . e ., 3 } }, all eight pseudoscalar mesons of the quark model become Goldstone bosons.
15.
He was elected as a Fellow in the American Physical Society in 1982 for his discoveries of the first hyperonic beta decay, of the ninth pseudoscalar meson, the first direct observation of the electron-neutrino in muon decay and direct measurements of the velocities of neutrinos.
16.
Are we meant to admire Feynman's assertiveness in a 1951 letter to Fermi from Rio de Janeiro challenging " Yukawa's meson theory with pseudoscalar mesons gradient coupling " or merely chuckle at his remarks, nine pages of dense mathematical rumination later, about going to Copacabana beach to get ideas?
17.
Dirac had also solved the problem of putting the Tomonaga Schwinger equation into the Schr�dinger representation and given explicit expressions for the scalar meson field ( spin zero pion or pseudoscalar meson ), the vector meson field ( spin one rho meson ), and the electromagnetic field ( spin one massless boson, photon ).
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